Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market Essay Example

Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market Paper Beginning with the basics, economics is based on scarcity. Price has no connection to morality or â€Å"objective value†. Since everything has a cost, price is therefore a signal of how scarce a good is. The price also tells us how much the good is worth to the marginal consumer. Knowing that firms are greedy and want to maximize profits, the joint operating agreement between the Post and News will lead to one independent newspaper in Denver. If there is only one newspaper, then they are solely responsible for the advertising, circulation, and production. With the merger between two companies, there is obviously no reason to have two editors, two directors of each department, etc. Even the amount of people delivering newspapers will be cut in half. Therefore, jobs are going to be lost with the merge. With only one company, the Denver Newspaper Agency can charge any rate they want for circulation prices and they can increase advertising costs because they are the only newspaper to advertise in. At first, if all the consumers continue to buy newspapers, there will most likely be a shortage in supply. If P1 P*, then QD1 QS1. We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, a shortage exists and some consumers have incentive to bid up the price. As price increases, quantity supply increases, and quantity demand decreases. This will continue until equilibrium (P*) is met and the shortage will disappear. At equilibrium QD=QS=Q*, therefore no one has incentive to change behavior. Price remains constant. Figure 1 (attached) shows a graphical explanation. If consumers in Denver decide that the Denver Newspaper Agency is charging too much for a newspaper, then consumers will stop buying the product. If P2 P*, and QS1 QD1, a surplus exists. Firms can’t sell all goods, therefore price decreases, quantity demand increases, and quantity supply decreases. This continues until equilibrium is met again at P*. This relationship is shown in Figure 2. The relationship also explains if The Denver Newspaper Agency tries to charge high prices for advertising. Consumers will stop buying advertisements causing a decrease in quantity demand. Figure 3 shows the demand curve shift right as there would be an increase in consumers for the Denver Newspaper Agency since it would be the only supplier. The graph shows the initial equilibrium where QD1=QS1=Q1. The increase in consumers causes the shift in demand from D1 to D2. At initial price (P1), with new demand curve (D2), QD2 QS2, therefore there is a shortage. Consumers compete for scarce goods and bid up price, so price increases, quantity supply increases, and quantity demand decreases; therefore shortage disappears. This will continue until P* (Pt. B. ) where QS3=QD3=Q3. 2. Price discrimination occurs when the same product is sold at more than one price. In general, managers try to identify submarkets on the basis of an individual’s price elasticity of demand. There are three types of price discrimination: first, second, and third degree. The case of selling classified advertising that varies in price according to the value of the item advertised is an example of the most common form of price discrimination: third-degree price discrimination. This type of discrimination is most popular because although managers would prefer to identify the preferences of individuals, it is too expensive. Instead, they chose the next best alternative. This alternative is to identify individuals with similar traits and group them together. Buyers of the product must fall into specific groups with considerable differences in price elasticity of demand for the product. For example, a newspaper knows that an average person is willing to pay more to advertise a car than to advertise a bicycle. One reason to consider is the â€Å"return on investment†. I, personally, would be willing to pay more to advertise my car knowing that I would be making thousands of dollars off the sale. With a bike, it may not be worth it if the return is only a few hundred dollars. Like I mentioned in the previous answer, price has no relation to morality or objective value. Taking an ad out in a newspaper for a funeral is very expensive. However, the newspaper knows that consumers are willing to pay the price because it is one of the easiest ways to get the information out to friends and family in the community. Another reason may be that funeral homes usually take care of all the arrangements, so consumers don’t know how much the newspaper advertisement really cost until they see the bill of the entire funeral broken down. Simply put, the person advertising a funeral has a much less elastic demand than the person advertising a bicycle. The person selling the bicycle has more substitutes. Figure 4 (attached) illustrates third degree price discrimination. 3. Managers practice price discrimination either when they sell physically identical products at different prices or when similar products are sold at prices with different ratios to marginal cost. The strategy works best in markets with various classes of buyers who are differentiated in price elasticities of demand. In order for price discrimination to exist, there has to be two or more distinct groups, the groups must be identifiable, there must be market power, and the good has to be difficult to resell. In the case of airline fares, there are different types of travelers, identifiable groups (business and leisure), and the airline ticket cannot be resold. Once the flight has happened, the experience cannot be shared and the ticket cannot be used again. With local newspapers, there are different types of customers that have different reasons for advertising different items. Once the paper is printed and issued, the advertisement cannot be used again. It cannot be resold. I would argue that the example of airline fares is a better example of price discrimination. It is easier to identify different groups of people traveling than it is to identify different reasons as for why people want an advertisement. The experience of a flight on an airplane cannot be resold. Although an advertisement is only good for the one issue of a newspaper printed, it can still be seen by multiple people in a household or workspace. An airline ticket can only be used by one person. It is also easier to identify passengers as business or leisure. In the case of newspaper advertisements, it is harder to identify groups of people.

The Beginning of a New Chapter Essay Example

The Beginning of a New Chapter Essay Example The Beginning of a New Chapter Essay The Beginning of a New Chapter Essay The beginning of a new chapter Life is a journey. Many unexpected events occur that brings us to the place we are at now. This event also makes us the person we are today. Some of these experiences are difficult, which builds our character. Some experiences help create our personality and the values we share in our lives. Having personal goals are very important to me. I strive daily by motivation and the passion I have to learn to be successful in everything I do. This will allow me to overcome the obstacles I might face that can lead me to the path of failure. Deciding to go back to school was not an easy decision. I have wanted to expand on my education for as long as I can imagine. Knowing that school is expensive and being a middle class citizen, I did not think that I could afford to go back to school. After talking to an Ashford, representative and he explained the financial aspect to college, I decided why not. I am not getting any younger. Having a better education will benefit me in the future. There are many reasons why I decided to return to school. Getting a better education and expanding my knowledge is the most important. I wanted to show my kids that it is never too late to learn and broaden the horizon to knowledge. Being a role model is one of the biggest goals I have set for myself. Knowing my kids understand that knowledge is the key to great success. Getting a better job is another reason I took the first step to bettering myself. I am tired of getting up early in the morning (2am) to go to a job that do not enjoy. My job is mentally and physically exhausting. When I arrive home, I am too tired to do anything else. I am working on a better time management, in order to accomplish everything. Furthering my education will lead to better job opportunities and widen the job choices. It is necessary to elaborate my knowledge for job satisfaction. Having a positive mind frame will help me overcome obstacles to be successful in completion of my degree program. Positive thinking leads to positive actions. Self-discipline is a good life lesson that will help me accomplish my educational goal. Managing my time to get assignments done will keep me on the path to success. Being confident in my work and doing my best will eliminate the road to failure. Returning to school has been a challenge and time consuming. Having my family as a support group has been beneficial to my educational goal. To achieve this goal, determination will lead me in the right direction to great success.

Wall street journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wall street journal - Essay Example health, a description of how UNCTAD, the WTO as well as other international trade organizations tend to influence trade, details on the five established levels of economic integration and their overall implications for the international marketing manager. In discussing the global economic environment, the author emphasizes on the importance of international trade theories. There are three key international trade theories; these are absolute advantage, comparative advantage and product life cycle. These theories generally emphasize that firms seeking to expand internationally need to ensure that they appreciate how their various international activities tend to match with a given country’s goals for international trade. The balance of payment is widely considered to be a lead indicator of the international economic health of a given country and as such, it may tend to have a direct influence on a firm’s expansion decisions. This is it essentially indicates how money is currently going into and out of a given country and whether this movement of currency has resulted into deficits or surpluses for the country. BOP data can aid firms in identifying their competitors as well as possible consumer locations and evaluate the possibility of trade restrictions. Government policy and trade is also another crucial aspect to be considered as firms are directly impacted by government in a wide range of areas such as tariffs and non-tariffs barriers. According to the authors, some of the government policies and trade that might impact a firm include specific duty, tariff engineering, ad valorem duty, exchange controls, quotas and non-tariff barriers (NTB’s). Institutions such as the WTO and UNCTAD had a great influence on trade policies. In this respect, the authors are keen on stressing that they can heavily influence a given firm’s global strategy. Whereas the WTO essentially serves to provide a crucial forum that can be used by countries for mediation,

No topic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

No topic - Assignment Example A crucial conversation is a discussion between two or more people where stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong and the outcome greatly impacts their lives. To turn a potentially bad crucial conversation into a productive one, one would first need to consult their heart about what they want to achieve and what they don’t want. Everyone involved should have all the right motives and try as much as possible to stick to the goals of the conversation. Secondly, there is the aspect of taking safe steps, such that when the rest of the people involved in the dialogue resort to violence or silence, one should pull out of the discussion and only return when it is safe. Only then can one continue with the matter being discussed. Thirdly, it is important for one to master their stories. They should be in control of their story as they narrate it, and be able to understand their emotions and manage them in the best way during the course of the discussion. The fourth step i s to ensure that you stay your path when you are convinced you are right. Exploring other people’s paths may also prove useful as a way of eliciting feedback. The last step is to take action. Information interviews serve a number of purposes. One of the purposes of information interviews is that of fact-finding; seeking to find as much information relevant to a situation being studied as possible. An information interview can only be said to have succeeded if an environment or a climate is created in which the people being interviewed can volunteer information. In essence, nobody should be coerced into saying anything or providing any information they may not be will to share. The questions of an information interview should be made simple in terms of language use and content. The questions should be precise. The questions shouldn’t put the interviewee in a situation where they struggle to figure out what any

Review the literature related to the effect of surgical repair in Essay

Review the literature related to the effect of surgical repair in wound healing.Discuss the influence it may have on healing - Essay Example Reports are vague on how the prehistoric man treated wounds, but in the primitive tribes, wounds are covered with plant parts and other materials believed to have healing properties. Wounds were also filled with spider web in time past. Various crude methods of wound draining and wound closing are also reported among some tribes. An ingenious wound clamp was devised out of the jaws of insects by primitive tribes of India and South America who made the insects bite across the apposed edges of a wound.(Haeger, 1988) . Wound management has two main approaches: the surgical and non-surgical categories of intervention. In the non-surgical approach, classical methods such as administration of topical or systemic therapeutic agents, locally applied enzymes, and dressings designed to optimize the wound for later surgery, or to heal the wound by secondary intention (Knox et al., 2007). The surgical approach involves the implementation of preparatory surgical procedures which help to prepare the wound for accelerated recovery and augment the body healing process. Both of these approaches are different, yet aim at the same goal. This review is concerned with the surgical aspects and how they provide a facilitating environment for timely wound healing. For effective wound healing in modern day surgery, the aims are to ensure quick regeneration of damaged tissue, reduce infection, and maximize immune response, and central to achieving these aims are blood perfusion, oxygen supply, prevention of re-injury and good diet(Hunt and Hopf, June 1997a). Reduction of infection and quick tissue regeneration are directly related to wound blood perfusion and oxygenation. Perfusion therefore appears to be the most important factor in wound healing. Wounds in well perfused areas of the body tend to heal faster, even when they are massively infected. They also form less scar. The same goes for wounds that occur in areas of

Analysis Of The Elle Novel English Literature Essay

Analysis Of The Elle Novel English Literature Essay Douglas Glover is a known Canadian author of various fiction works that has capture readers of different nationalities, belief and preferences. While there were many other works of Glover such as notes Home from a Prodigal Son, The Enamored Knight, and novels such as The Life and Times of Captain N and 16 Categories of Desire  [1]  , Elle, a novel based on a true or rather historic figure, Marguerite de Roberval, on her way to discovering Canada with her uncle, Jean-Franà §ois de la Rocque de Roberval.  [2]  In this novel, he seemed to present Canada is a satiric language with explicit and implicit intentions of ridiculing religion, faith and aboriginals. It described the moments of first contact and the discovery of Canada by the European adventurers. These were during the times of Jacques Cartiers last and rather tragic attempt to colonize Canada. This first contact was described in ways in what did Canada meant to European adventurers and what did Europeans meant to the countrys original habitants and the clash between these two groups; neither of them recognized each other as human.  [3]  Nevertheless, he associated religion, sex, and revenge in building an image of this newly discovered country or the New World. While excerpts of the story are loosely based on facts, the authors language of conviction has somehow made the story more vivid and looks like more true to life. The author practiced his freedom of expression by choosing to portray such part of history through a work of fiction. In the course of the story, he also used a great deal of latitude as a means to portray Canada. This is to describe the geographical location of the newly discovered country and to create a glimpse of seasonal experiences of the characters such as winter in portrayal of sadness and will for revenge. Moreover, use of latitude seemed to be used to express distance from the European origins of the characters. This latitudinal distance implicates cultural, traditional and civil differences. This further implies the width of territorial expansion attempts of Europe in the past and may be not so many years before modern times.  [4]   For me, as a reader of the novel, these instruments of literature used by the author affected my understanding of colonization, first contact, faith and religion as associated with lust, sex and may be, love. With the claim that the novel was based on facts, it has some effect for me to assume many events in the story to be true. In some sense I tend to forget it being a fiction and not a direct narration of history (perhaps except Elle turning literally or otherwise into a bear). This may be attributed to the loose boundaries set between imagination and fact. This confusion applies to the personalities used and the actual events narrated. In general, it will be safe to believe that majority of the accounts in the story were based on the authors imagination and not a simple re telling of written history. Nonetheless, this also gave me some sense of contempt to inhumane actions on both parties regardless of which side I may choose to give sympathy. If this will be the only book describing the first contact of Canada and its history, I will be facing realizations of the violent, lustful, and inhumane parts of history or the truths that perhaps will never be mentioned on ordinary history books.  [5]   I believe then, that the bigger purpose of the novel is to portray themes not mentioned in the usual history books. Hypocrisy and modesty aside, we can really assume that such themes like sex, violence, lust and other worldly human nature are inclusive of our history.  [6]  While other critics of Glover say that he did not include human nature to sympathize with in his novel Elle, I believe that these themes can be considered not less than parts of our character and human nature regardless of civilization, religion and nationality. Moreover, this is also to portray colonization not simply as expansion of territory. It means penetration in an existing culture or rather an intentional or unintentional exchange of culture between the two parties: the colony and colonizers. This is to emphasize that colonization is not a one way process or a transformation from the colonizers to the colony. Rather, it is an exchange or combination of tradition, belief, education and emotional strings. Other inspirations in the story may be the apparent expansion of trade and prosperity in the ancient times. Colonization and territorial expansion were oftentimes attributed to be acts of European explorers. These expeditions have made tremendous histories and stories worth telling and retelling until these modern times of 21st century. Many of these stories were descriptions of social contacts such as Elle and other novels such as Gullivers Travel. The Themes of the Story To be specific, the themes that I have observed in the novel include: aboriginals, religion, first contact, issues of gender, family, and sex. Among these themes, I see particular emphasis on religion and faith, issues of gender, and sex as individual values. On the other hand, aboriginals and first contact may refer to the authors portrayal of Canada at times of Europeans attempt for colonization. Aboriginals In terms of aboriginals, the author might have been inspired by the recent discovery of ancient pagan culture. Portrayal of public execution and burning were mentioned in the stories quite a number of times. Rituals of native people of the New World were also portrayed. This is expected as some aspects of the novel were inspired by the recent rediscovery of ancient pagan classics. These were subtle critic in the practice of religion and its impacts to human thinking. Religion Excessive practice of religious rituals may cause unfavorable effects on the believers just like Elles mother who got consumed to religious rituals and forgot her other responsibilities and may be, even lost her sanity and sense of reality. The novel seemed to portray religion as one of the causes why her mother did not care for her as a child. Her mother was addicted to religious rituals that were described in absurd way such as licking the foot of the statue of saints in church. Her father, busy with his own desires for expanding power, did not pay fatherly attention to her too. As a result, or may be because of other causes too, Elle was not a very good mother and did not grow closer to her children too.  [7]   The Protestant and Catholic religions were explicitly ridiculed using direct and yet satiric language. Elle had a priest lover. This is scandalous because of chastity and vow of celibacy imposed and believed to be practiced by the priests. Moreover, the novel also mentioned brutal punishment of Protestants because of simple rule breaking and actions not in accordance to its scriptures. Elle were fond of these and even said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I thought the world to be a more exciting place for all the conflict and never missed a public burning or decapitation.  [8]  This was a portrayal in both implicit and explicit way that religion, sex and brutality are related. Family Moreover, these were the times when religion, greed for power and prosperity and all other arbitrary pleasures such as sex and money were favored more than ones own family. Parenting is a loose responsibility and not a highly regarded one. This is true in the case of Elle to her children and her from her parents. Her mother did not care for her because of her evident addiction or obsession to religious rituals. She was also not able to care for her children for reasons not explicitly stated in the story. I assume that it is an effect of her experiencing the same from her parents and her own experiences of violence and brutality in her exile. Inequality against Women Gender issues were also addressed in the novel. It portrayed how Europeans and Canadians treated women. In spite of membership to highly regarded and respected families and aristocratic upbringing, women suffer from violent and unequal treatment. They were vulnerable not only to sexual assaults but also to inequality to opportunities. In those times, women were not expected to take part to exhibitions, voyages and other privileges entitled only to male counter parts. But then again, headstrong girl as that of Elle strived to get some good treatment. This is in spite of her aristocratic upbringing; she grew up uniquely as a headstrong girl. While women were seen as sex objects, she in turn treated his lovers, her sex partners as well. In turn he also used men to satisfy her desire for good sex. She measure manhood in terms of size of penis and ability in love making.  [9]  Likewise, Catherine or Comes Winter, the native woman also experienced the same fate just like Elle. It was far easier to punish a woman with her life, including watching her loved ones to die. Sex and Lust Sex, on the other hand, seemed to serve as an escape for the characters. The main character seemed to satisfy her frustrations through having lustful sex. She seemed to find equality in sex where she is found in beauty and men make love to her the way she needed to be loved. This is to say that sex, in one way or another, is not just a language of the body. It may also be considered as psychological, a cure or rather means of psychological stress. Other themes I see in the novel include revenge and karma. The novel showed some sense of these themes when the General, to whom all sufferings of Elle were attributed to, was killed by a bear (which was apparently shown to be her other personality later on). The general was killed by a bear with a womans heart. The desire for revenge that was stated in the earlier part of the story was satisfied when the general thought of Elle while meeting his death. He was stabbed and acquired fatal blows- an uncomfortable death that Elle once desired to give him. Although it is uncertain if Elle is really the bear or otherwise, the end indeed justified the means because she seemed to be delighted with the news. Whether random Karma or intentional revenge, Elle would have felt the same: gratified and responsible. Emphases of the Novel With these themes, the emphasis of the story relied on human autonomy. Elle, in spite of being a woman with limited physical and may be emotional strength and opportunities, have means to do aberrations with liberty and autonomy as the justifications. Moreover, this can be associated with ones freedom of expression. Although this may not be easy and may even cause ones own life, fear of the consequences was the only barrier for freedom of expression. Likewise, there was also a thrust on human nature to appreciate worldly pleasures: power, territory, sex and lust and beauty. The Personality of Elle Elle is a French girl who was brought up by an aristocratic family. Her mother, addicted to spiritual and religious activities, did not serve to be a good mother to her. The same was true to his father who was paying more attention to reading books and extension of power. Hence, she grew up as a headstrong girl with means to get what she wants. See and react to things she just wanted to. She used sex and books as her escape to reality and thus giving her dreams uniquely hers. She enumerated her desires to be: mild intoxicants, good sex, witty conversation, cheap printed books, and front seat at public executions. Sex outside marriage was known as a sin but giving to lust and earthly desire, they still do it with promises of penance, confessions and indulgence. Yet, in spite of not having married, Elle had many lovers through out the story. It can also be observed that it was not really sex she was fond to. It may also be the desire to have a man on her feet because of her beauty. Or, in another perspective, she may also want to be the cause of mens weakness. Some of her lovers mentioned in the story were Richard, a tennis player. He was weak and easy to seduce. He has been in love with Elle since she was 13 but Elle made the first move and seduce him until the two have given in their lustful desires. Another one was the priest and a messenger of his father. He was way too old for Elle but she regarded him good for having a penis a size of a sparrow and for loving her well in bed. She also was related to the hunter in the remote island she took refuge into. He taught him some things about bears which may be the means of Elle of acquiring the violent ability of bears or even transforming into a bear.  [10]   Elles discovery of faith was not brought about by promising experiences but rather experiences that can be seen better off. However, her faith and epiphany could have been different, perhaps, narrower if experienced differently. Her discovery of faith by being in between the clash or exchange of corpses of Old and New World, through her exile and witnessing the same fate to another woman, and knowing the brutal fate of M. Cartier, caused her the deepest understanding of colonization and both partys resistance of treating each other human. The Vision of Canada These experiences of the character brought the readers, including me, to have more sympathy and deeper vision on Canada. The violence, deaths and degradation experienced by the native people in the hands of the European colonists. On the other hand, however, the colonizers such as Cartier also experienced a brutal fate. Hence, this novel, I think is contempt of the inhumane results of colonization. Canada is only one of the many countries that have experienced this vision. Perhaps all countries that have been attempted to be colonized launched some resistance forces. Each paid their part of violence and brutality in ancient history. However, these events served a deeper purpose to increase social contacts, expansion of trade and prosperity, and maximization of use of natural resources. Yet, as we can see it the modern times, such values, events, and themes may still be applicable. There is still an evident gender inequality, violence, scandals of religion until these times. Hence, such conflicts may also be addressed through rediscovering faith and understanding and paying respect with each other.

Light and Dark in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness Essays -- Movie

Light and Dark in Apocalypse Now and Heart of Darkness    In Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Marlow chooses a brighter path than his counterpart in Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now, Capt. Willard. The two share in the duty of searching for and discovering Kurtz, as well as taking care of his memory, but their beliefs before encountering him place the characters at opposing ends of a theme. These opposing ends are light and dark, representing good and evil. In the opening pages of Heart of Darkness, Marlow begins telling a tale of himself as nothing more than a sailor, who had a taste for adventure and saw the navigation of a river in such a distant and mysterious place as the Congo as a chance to find it. Capt. Willard however, had "prayed for a mission, and for [his] sins they gave [him] one"(AP). Marlow's disposition at the beginning of this journey is that of a bored young man, trying to fill his time: a noble and societally acceptable existence. Capt. Willard is beyond the bounds of normal society as he begins narrating Apocalypse Now from his hotel room in Saigon. He explains: "When I was here [at the war] I wanted to be there [back home]. When I was there all I could think of was getting back into the jungle"(AP). Willard is outside of society but is hanging on slightly by his connection to the Army. This connection is a weak one, because of the nature of war and the fact that in war the laws of normal society are not applicable. Kurtz though, has taken the final step by breaking away from the army; "he broke from them, and then he broke from himself. I'd never seen a man so broken up and ripped apart"(AP). Willard doesn't even know if he will oppose Kurtz when he meets him, because he sees Kurtz in himself... ...v099B/fa/n022/a-e-apocalypse-fortmeyer.html created 1994 (accessed 23 Jan. 2000). Heart of Darkness. Dir. Nicolas Roeg. Turner Network Television (TNT) Pictures, 1994. Heart of Darkness: Theme/Symbol/Allusion/Foreshadow http://164.116.90.3/public/jarvinen/hod.html (accessed 21 Jan. 2000). Nash, Jay Robert, and Stanley Ralph Ross. "Apocalypse Now" The Motion Picture Guide. Chicago: Cinebooks, 1985. Raskin, Jonah. The Mythology of Imperialism. New York: Random, 1971. Urch, Martin. Apocalypse Now: A film review by Martin Urch http://us.imdb.com/Reviews/30/3030 created 1994 (accessed 29 Jan. 2000). Virtanen, Panu S. Plot summary of 'Apocalypse Now' http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/9067/plot.html (accessed 16 Jan. 2000). Watts, Cedric. Conrad's Heart of Darkness: A Critical and Contextual Discussion. Milan: Mursia International, 1977.